Occasionally, it is not straightforward to define geometries for
sensitive detectors, importance geometries or envelopes for shower
parameterization to be coherently assigned to volumes in the
tracking (mass) geometry. The parallel navigation functionality
introduced since release 8.2 of Geant4, allows the user to define
more than one world simultaneously.
The G4CoupledTransportation
process will see all worlds
simultaneously; steps will be limited by every boundaries of the
mass and parallel geometries. G4Transportation
is
automatically replaced G4CoupledTransportation
.
In a parallel world, the user can define volumes in arbitrary manner with sensitivity, regions, shower parameterization setups, and/or importance weight for biasing. Volumes in different worlds may overlap.
Any kind of G4VSensitiveDetector
object can be defined
in volumes in a parallel world, exactly at the same manner for the
mass geometry. G4Step
object given as an argument of
ProcessHit()
method contains geometrical information
of the associated world.
Here are restrictions to be considered for the parallel geometry:
Production thresholds and EM field are used only from the mass geometry. Even if such physical quantities are defined in a parallel world, they do not affect to the simulation.
Although all worlds will be comprehensively taken care by the
G4CoupledTransportation
process for the navigation,
each parallel world must have its own unique object of
G4ParallelWorldProcess
process.
Volumes in a parallel world may have materials. Such materials
overwrite the materials defined in the mass geometry if the
"layered mass geometry"
switch of the
G4ParallelWorldProcess
constructor is set.
A parallel world should be defined in the Construct()
virtual method of the user's class derived from the abstract base
class G4VUserParallelWorld
. If needed, sensitive
detectors must be defined in the ConstructSD()
method of the same derived class. Please note that EM field cannot
be defined in a paralle world.
Example 4.18. An example header file of a concrete user parallel world class.
#ifndef MyParallelWorld_h #define MyParallelWorld_h 1 #include "globals.hh" #include "G4VUserParallelWorld.hh" class MyParallelWorld : public G4VUserParallelWorld { public: MyParallelWorld(G4String worldName); virtual ~MyParallelWorld(); public: virtual void Construct(); virtual void ConstructSD(); }; #endif
A parallel world must have its unique name, which should be set
to the G4VUserParallelWorld
base class as an argument of
the base class constructor.
The world physical volume of the parallel world is provided by
the G4RunManager
as a clone of the mass geometry. In the
Construct()
virtual method of the user's class, the
pointer to this cloned world physical volume is available through
the GetWorld()
method defined in the base class. The user
should fill the volumes in the parallel world by using this
provided world volume. For a logical volume in a parallel world,
the material pointer can be nullptr
.
Even if specified a valid material pointer, unless
"layered mass geometry"
switch of the
G4ParallelWorldProcess
constructor is set,
it will not be taken into account by any physics process.
Example 4.19. An example source code of a concrete user parallel world class.
#include "MyParallelWorld.hh" #include "G4LogicalVolume.hh" #include "G4VPhysicalVolume.hh" #include "G4Box.hh" #include "G4PVPlacement.hh" MyParallelWorld::MyParallelWorld(G4String worldName) :G4VUserParallelWorld(worldName) {;} MyParallelWorld::~MyParallelWorld() {;} void MyParallelWorld::Construct() { G4VPhysicalVolume* ghostWorld = GetWorld(); G4LogicalVolume* worldLogical = ghostWorld->GetLogicalVolume(); // place volumes in the parallel world here. For example ... // G4Box * ghostSolid = new G4Box("GhostdBox", 60.*cm, 60.*cm, 60.*cm); G4LogicalVolume * ghostLogical = new G4LogicalVolume(ghostSolid, 0, "GhostLogical", 0, 0, 0); new G4PVPlacement(0, G4ThreeVector(), ghostLogical, "GhostPhysical", worldLogical, 0, 0); }
In case the user needs to define more than one parallel worlds,
each of them must be implemented through its dedicated class. Each
parallel world should be registered to the mass geometry class
using the method RegisterParallelWorld()
available through
the class G4VUserDetectorConstruction
. The registration
must be done before the mass world is registed to the
G4RunManager
.
Example 4.20.
Typical implementation in the main()
to define a parallel
world.
// RunManager construction // G4RunManager* runManager = new G4RunManager; // mass world // MyDetectorConstruction* massWorld = new MyDetectorConstruction; // parallel world // G4String paraWorldName = "ParallelWorld"; massWorld->RegisterParallelWorld(new MyParallelWorld(paraWorldName)); // set mass world to run manager // runManager->SetUserInitialization(massWorld); // physics list // G4VModularPhysicsList* physicsList = new FTFP_BERT; physicsList->RegisterPhysics(new G4ParallelWorldPhysics(paraWorldName)); runManager->SetUserInitialization(physicsList);
If "layered mass geometry"
switch of the
G4ParallelWorldProcess
constructor is set,
that parallel world is conceptually layered on top of the
mass geometry. If more than one parallel worlds are defined,
later-defined world comes on top of others. A track will
see the material of the top layer, if it is nullptr
,
then one layer beneath. Thus, user has to make sure volumes
in a parallel world should have nullptr
as their materials except for volumes he/she really wants
to overwrite.
Example 4.21.
Typical implementation in the main()
to define a layered mass geometry.
// RunManager construction
//
G4RunManager* runManager = new G4RunManager;
// mass world
//
MyDetectorConstruction* massWorld = new MyDetectorConstruction;
// parallel world
//
G4String paraWorldName = "ParallelWorld";
massWorld->RegisterParallelWorld(new MyParallelWorld(paraWorldName));
// set mass world to run manager
//
runManager->SetUserInitialization(massWorld);
// physics list
//
G4VModularPhysicsList* physicsList = new FTFP_BERT;
physicsList->RegisterPhysics(new G4ParallelWorldPhysics(paraWorldName,true));
runManager->SetUserInitialization(physicsList);
For an information to advanced users, instead of using
G4ParallelWorldPhysics
physics constructor,
once can define G4ParallelWorldProcess
in his/her physics list and assign it only to some selected
kind of particle types. In this case, this parallel world
will be seen only by these kinds of particles.