10.3.  Extended Examples

10.3.1.  Extended Example Summary

Geant4 extended examples serve three purposes:

  • testing and validation of processes and tracking,
  • demonstration of Geant4 tools, and
  • extending the functionality of Geant4.

The code for these examples is maintained as part of the categories to which they belong. Links to descriptions of the examples are listed below.

10.3.1.1.  Analysis

  • AnaEx01 - histogram and tuple manipulations using Geant4 internal g4tools system

  • AnaEx02 - histogram and tuple manipulations using ROOT

  • AnaEx03 - histogram and tuple manipulations using the AIDA interface

  • B1Con - modified basic example B1 showing how to use a Convergence Tester

  • [A01] - this examples has been refactored in Example B5 in the basic set.

10.3.1.2.  Common

  • ReadMe - a set of common classes which can be reused in other examples demonstrating just a particular feature. This module is going to be enhanced in future.

10.3.1.3.  Biasing

  • Variance Reduction - examples (B01, B02 and B03) on variance reduction techniques and scoring and application of Reverse MonteCarlo in Geant4 ReverseMC

  • Generic biasing examples illustrate the usage of a biasing scheme implemented since version Geant4 10.0.

    • GB01 This example illustrates how to bias process cross-sections in this scheme.

    • GB02 Illustrates a force collision scheme similar to the MCNP one.

    • GB03 Illustrates geometry based biasing.

    • GB04 Illustrates a bremsstrahlung splitting.

    • GB05 Illustrates a "splitting by cross-section" technique: a splitting-based technique using absorption cross-section to control the neutron population.

    • GB06 Illustrates the usage of parallel geometries with generic biasing.

10.3.1.4.  Electromagnetic

  • TestEm0 - how to print cross-sections and stopping power used in input by the standard EM package

  • TestEm1 - how to count processes, activate/inactivate them and survey the range of charged particles. How to define a maximum step size

  • TestEm2 - shower development in an homogeneous material : longitudinal and lateral profiles

  • TestEm3 - shower development in a sampling calorimeter : collect energy deposited, survey energy flow and print stopping power

  • TestEm4 - 9 MeV point like photon source: plot spectrum of energy deposited in a single media

  • TestEm5 - how to study transmission, absorption and reflection of particles through a single, thin or thick, layer.

  • TestEm6 - physics list for rare, high energy, electromagnetic processes: gamma conversion and e+ annihilation into pair of muons

  • TestEm7 - how to produce a Bragg curve in water phantom. How to compute dose in tallies

  • TestEm8 - test of photo-absorption-ionisation model in thin absorbers, and transition radiation

  • TestEm9 - shower development in a crystal calorimeter; cut-per-region

  • TestEm10 - XTR transition radiation model, investigation of ionisation in thin absorbers

  • TestEm11 - how to plot a depth dose profile in a rectangular box

  • TestEm12 - how to plot a depth dose profile in spherical geometry : point like source

  • TestEm13 - how to compute cross sections of EM processes from rate of transmission coefficient

  • TestEm14 - how to compute cross sections of EM processes from direct evaluation of the mean-free path. How to plot final state

  • TestEm15 - compute and plot final state of Multiple Scattering as an isolated process

  • TestEm16 - simulation of synchrotron radiation

  • TestEm17 - check the cross sections of high energy muon processes

  • TestEm18 - energy lost by a charged particle in a single layer, due to ionization and bremsstrahlung

Check basic quantities
Total cross sections, mean free paths ... Em0, Em13, Em14
Stopping power, particle range ... Em0, Em1, Em5, Em11, Em12
Final state : energy spectra, angular distributions Em14
Energy loss fluctuations Em18
Multiple Coulomb scattering
as an isolated mechanism Em15
as a result of particle transport Em5
More global verifications
Single layer: transmission, absorption, reflexion Em5
Bragg curve, tallies Em7
Depth dose distribution Em11, Em12
Shower shapes, Moliere radius Em2
Sampling calorimeters, energy flow Em3
Crystal calorimeters Em9
Other specialized programs
High energy muon physics Em17
Other rare, high energy processes Em6
Synchrotron radiation Em16
Transition radiation Em8
Photo-absorption-ionization model Em10

Table 10.4.  TestEm by theme


10.3.1.5.  Error Propagation

10.3.1.6.  Event Generator

  • exgps - illustrating the usage of the G4GeneralParticleSource utility

  • particleGun - demonstrating three different ways of usage of G4ParticleGun, shooting primary particles in different cases

  • userPrimaryGenerator - demonstrating how to create a primary event including several vertices and several primary particles per vertex

  • HepMCEx01 - simplified collider detector using HepMC interface and stacking

  • HepMCEx02 - connecting primary particles in Geant4 with various event generators using the HepMC interface

  • MCTruth - demonstrating a mechanism for Monte Carlo truth handling using HepMC as the event record

  • pythia - illustrating the usage of Pythia as Monte Carlo event generator, interfaced with Geant4, and showing how to implement an external decayer (example decayer6)

10.3.1.7.  Exotic Physics

  • Channeling - simulates channeling of 400 GeV/c protons in a bent crystal.

  • Monopole - illustrating how to measure energy deposition in classical magnetic monopole

  • Phonon - demonstrates simulation of phonon propagation in cryogenic crystals

  • UCN - simulates the passage of ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) in a hollow pipe.

10.3.1.8.  Fields

  • BlineTracer - tracing and visualizing magnetic field lines

  • field01 - tracking using magnetic field and field-dependent processes

  • field02 - tracking using electric field and field-dependent processes

  • field03 - tracking in a magnetic field where field associated with selected logical volumes varies

  • field04 - definition of overlapping fields either magnetic, electric or both

  • field05 - demonstration of "spin-frozen" condition, how to cancel the muon g-2 precession by applying an electric field

  • field06 - exercising the capability of tracking massive particles in a gravity field

10.3.1.9.  Geant3 to Geant4

  • General ReadMe - converting simple geometries in Geant3.21 to their Geant4 equivalents (example clGeometry)

10.3.1.10.  Geometry

10.3.1.11.  Hadronic

  • Hadr00 - example demonstrating the usage of G4PhysListFactory to build physics lists and usage of G4HadronicProcessStore to access the cross sections

  • Hadr01 - example based on the application IION developed for simulation of proton or ion beam interaction with a water target. Different aspects of beam target interaction are included

  • Hadr02 - example application providing simulation of ion beam interaction with different targets. Hadronic aspects of beam target interaction are demonstrated including longitudinal profile of energy deposition, spectra of secondary particles, isotope production spectra.

  • Hadr03 - example demonstrating how to compute total cross section from the direct evaluation of the mean free path, how to identify nuclear reactions and how to plot energy spectrum of secondary particles

  • Hadr04 - example focused on neutronHP physics, especially neutron transport, including thermal scattering

  • Hadr05 - demonstrates the usage of G4GenericPhysicsList to build the concrete physics list at the run time

  • Hadr06 - demonstrates survey of energy deposition and particle's flux from a hadronic cascade

  • Hadr07 - demonstrates survey of energy deposition and particle's flux from a hadronic cascade. Show how to plot a depth dose profile in a rectangular box.

  • FissionFragment - This example demonstrates the Fission Fragment model as used within the neutron_hp model. It will demostrate the capability for fission product containmentby the cladding in a water moderated sub-critical assembly. It could also be further extended to calculate the effective multiplication factor of the subcritical assembly for various loading schemes.

  • NeutronSource - NeutronSource is an example of neutrons production. It illustrates the cooperative work of nuclear reactions and radioactive decay processes. It surveys energy deposition and particle's flux. It uses PhysicsConstructor objects.

10.3.1.12.  Medical Applications

  • DICOM - geometry set-up using the Geant4 interface to the DICOM image format

  • electronScattering - benchmark on electron scattering

  • electronScattering2 - benchmark on electron scattering (second way to implement the same benchmark as the above)

  • fanoCavity - dose deposition in an ionization chamber by a monoenergetic photon beam

  • fanoCavity2 - dose deposition in an ionization chamber by an extended one-dimensional monoenergetic electron source

  • GammaTherapy - gamma radiation field formation in water phantom by electron beam hitting different targets

  • dna - Set of examples using the Geant4-DNA physics processes and models.

    • dnaphysics - The dnaphysics example shows how to simulate track structures in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA physics processes and models.

    • microdosimetry - The microdosimetry example simulates the track of a 5 MeV proton in liquid water. Geant4 standard EM models are used in the World volume while Geant4-DNA models are used in a Target volume, declared as a Region.

    • range - Simulation of ranges.

    • svalue - This example shows how to simulate S-values in spheres of liquid water using the Geant4-DNA physics processes and models.

    • wvalue - This example shows how to simulate W-values in liquid water using the Geant4-DNA physics processes and models.

    • chem1 - Simple activation of the chemistry module.

    • chem2 - Usage of TimeStepAction in the chemistry module.

    • chem3 - Activate the full interactivity with the chemistry module.

    • chem4 - Simulation of G radiochemical yields with the chemistry module.

    • wholeNuclearDNA - Description of the full nucleus of a biological cell.

    • pdb4dna - Usage of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) file format to build geometries.

    • clustering - Clustering application for direct damage extraction.

10.3.1.13.  Optical Photons

  • General ReadMe

  • OpNovice - simulation of optical photons generation and transport. (It was moved in extended examples from novice/N06 with removal of novice examples.)

  • LXe - optical photons in a liquid xenon scintillator

  • WLS - application simulating the propagation of photons inside a Wave Length Shifting (WLS) fiber

10.3.1.14.  Parallel Computing

  • General ReadMe

  • MPI - interface and examples of applications (exMPI01, exMPI02 and exMPI03) parallelized with different MPI compliant libraries, such as LAM/MPI, MPICH2, OpenMPI, etc.

  • TBB - demonstrate how to interface a simple application with the Intel Threading Building Blocks library (TBB), and organise MT event-level parallelism as TBB tasks

  • ThreadsafeScorers - demonstrates a very simple application where an energy deposit and # of steps is accounted in thread-local (i.e. one instance per thread) hits maps with underlying types of plain-old data (POD) and global (i.e. one instance) hits maps with underlying types of atomics.

  • TopC - set of examples (ParN02 and ParN04) derived from novice using parallelism at event level with the TopC application

10.3.1.15.  Parameterisations

  • Par01 - Demonstrates the use of parameterisation facilities. (It was moved in extended examples from novice/N05 with removal of novice examples.)

  • Par02 - Shows how to do "track and energy smearing" in Geant4, in order to have a very fast simulation based on assumed detector resolutions.

  • Gflash - Demonstrates the use of the GFLASH parameterisation library. It uses the GFLASH equations(hep-ex/0001020, Grindhammer & Peters) to parametrise electromagnetic showers in matter

10.3.1.16.  Persistency

  • General ReadMe

  • GDML - examples set (G01, G02, G03 and G04) illustrating import and export of a detector geometry with GDML, and how to extend the GDML schema or use the auxiliary information field for defining additional persistent properties

  • P01 - storing calorimeter hits using reflection mechanism with Root

  • P02 - storing detector description using reflection mechanism with Root

  • P03 - illustrating import and export of a detector geometry using ASCII text description and syntax

10.3.1.17.  Polarisation

  • Pol01 - interaction of polarized beam (e.g. circularly polarized photons) with polarized target

10.3.1.18.  Radioactive Decay

  • rdecay01 - demonstrating basic functionality of the G4RadioactiveDecay process

  • rdecay02 (Exrdm) - decays of radioactive isotopes as well as induced radioactivity resulted from nuclear interactions

10.3.1.19.  Run & Event

  • RE01 - information between primary particles and hits and usage of user-information classes

  • RE02 - simplified fixed target application for demonstration of primitive scorers

  • RE03 - use of UI-command based scoring; showing how to create parallel world(s) for defining scoring mesh(es)

  • RE04 - demonstrating how to define a layered mass geometry in parallel world

  • RE05 - demonstrating interfacing to the PYTHIA primary generator, definition of a 'readout' geometry, event filtering using the stacking mechanism. (It was moved in extended examples from novice/N04 with removal of novice examples.)

  • RE06 - demonstrating how to modify part of the geometry setup at run-time, detector description parameterisation by materials, sharing of a sensitive detector definition for different sub-detectors, different geometrical regions definition with different production thresholds, customization of the G4Run (It was moved in extended examples from novice/N07 with removal of novice examples.)

10.3.1.20.  Visualization

  • General ReadMe - examples (perspective, standalone and userVisAction) of customisation for visualization