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Introduction

The aim of this document is to give a brief overview of the available physics models in Geant4 and to present, via comparison vs various experimental data, the range of validity for each of them.
In addition to the information on the physics models available within Geant4, here we collect references to the experimental data available to us for the benchmarking, as well as plots that show how well Geant4 can simulate a variety of physics processes.
Results and plots are provided as they become available and are updated from time to time. Brief description of each simulation test is also given.

Brief Overview of the Geant4 Physics Models

Geant4 offers modeling options, data- or theory-driven, for electromagnetic and hadronic physics process, with different accuracy, computing requirements, strengths and weaknesses in describing particular physics aspects.
For details of the physics models available in Geant4, please follow the links in the column on righthand side.
Of the theory-driven models, this document currently contains results on the following:
  • Chiral Invariant Phase space (CHIPS) model for stopped particles and low energy gammas (up to 151MeV)
  • Precompound model for low energy protons (25-100MeV)
  • Bertini and Binary cascade models for particles at energies below 10GeV
  • Quark Gluon String (QGS) model for particles at energy above 20GeV
Of the data-driven models, results are currently available for:
  • High Precision Neutron model for low energy neutrons (20MeV)
Of the parametrization-driven models, we offer results for:
  • Low Energy Parametrized (LEP) model for 730MeV protons
  • High Energy Parametrized (HEP) models for high energy protons (67GeV, 400GeV)

Tests and Results

Results and plots comparing Geant4 physics predictions with experimental measurements are classified here into three categories:
thin target, full setup and input cross section.
Thin target comparisons (also referred to as verifications) are meant to test individual Geant4 models or processes in isolation from all other physical proceses. In the laboratory this is usually accomplished by scattering from thin targets, which allows a clean and detailed study of single hadronic interactions.
Full setup comparsions are validations of integrated Geant4 simulations against results from complex experiments or test beams in which all physical processes are included.
Cross section data is used to calculate the mean free path to interaction and to normalize model predictions. In most cases, these cross sections are calculated directly or parameterized from data. Here the calculated or parameterized cross sections are compared to the original data sets.

Thin Target Comparisons Full Setup Comparisons Input Cross Sections
  • Electromagnetic
  • Hadronic
  • High Energy Physics Experiments
  • Thick Targets
  • Geant4 Examples
  • User-contributed
    		•
  • Electromagnetic
  • Hadronic


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