WLSMaterials.cc

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/// \file optical/wls/src/WLSMaterials.cc
/// \brief Implementation of the WLSMaterials class
//
//
#include "WLSMaterials.hh"
 
#include "G4NistManager.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
 
WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::fInstance = nullptr;
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
WLSMaterials::WLSMaterials()
{
  fNistMan = G4NistManager::Instance();
  fNistMan->SetVerbose(2);
 
  CreateMaterials();
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
WLSMaterials::~WLSMaterials()
{
  delete fAir;
  delete fPMMA;
  delete fPethylene;
  delete fFPethylene;
  delete fPolystyrene;
  delete fSilicone;
  delete fCoating;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
WLSMaterials* WLSMaterials::GetInstance()
{
  if(!fInstance)
  {
    fInstance = new WLSMaterials();
  }
  return fInstance;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
G4Material* WLSMaterials::GetMaterial(const G4String material)
{
  G4Material* mat = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial(material);
 
  if(!mat)
    mat = G4Material::GetMaterial(material);
  if(!mat)
  {
    G4ExceptionDescription ed;
    ed << "Material " << material << " not found!";
    G4Exception("WLSMaterials::GetMaterial", "", FatalException, ed);
  }
 
  return mat;
}
 
//....oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo........oooOO0OOooo......
 
void WLSMaterials::CreateMaterials()
{
  G4double density;
  G4int ncomponents;
  G4double fractionmass;
  std::vector<G4int> natoms;
  std::vector<G4double> fractionMass;
  std::vector<G4String> elements;
 
  // Materials Definitions
  // =====================
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Vacuum
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Galactic");
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Air
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  fAir = fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_AIR");
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // WLSfiber PMMA
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("C");
  natoms.push_back(5);
  elements.push_back("H");
  natoms.push_back(8);
  elements.push_back("O");
  natoms.push_back(2);
 
  density = 1.190 * g / cm3;
 
  fPMMA = fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("PMMA", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Cladding (polyethylene)
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("C");
  natoms.push_back(2);
  elements.push_back("H");
  natoms.push_back(4);
 
  density = 1.200 * g / cm3;
 
  fPethylene =
    fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Pethylene", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Double Cladding (fluorinated polyethylene)
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("C");
  natoms.push_back(2);
  elements.push_back("H");
  natoms.push_back(4);
 
  density = 1.400 * g / cm3;
 
  fFPethylene =
    fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("FPethylene", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Polystyrene
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("C");
  natoms.push_back(8);
  elements.push_back("H");
  natoms.push_back(8);
 
  density = 1.050 * g / cm3;
 
  fPolystyrene =
    fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Polystyrene", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Silicone (Template for Optical Grease)
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("C");
  natoms.push_back(2);
  elements.push_back("H");
  natoms.push_back(6);
 
  density = 1.060 * g / cm3;
 
  fSilicone =
    fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("Silicone", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Aluminium
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  fNistMan->FindOrBuildMaterial("G4_Al");
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // TiO2
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  elements.push_back("Ti");
  natoms.push_back(1);
  elements.push_back("O");
  natoms.push_back(2);
 
  density = 4.26 * g / cm3;
 
  G4Material* TiO2 =
    fNistMan->ConstructNewMaterial("TiO2", elements, natoms, density);
 
  elements.clear();
  natoms.clear();
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Scintillator Coating - 15% TiO2 and 85% polystyrene by weight.
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  density = 1.52 * g / cm3;
 
  fCoating = new G4Material("Coating", density, ncomponents = 2);
 
  fCoating->AddMaterial(TiO2, fractionmass = 15 * perCent);
  fCoating->AddMaterial(fPolystyrene, fractionmass = 85 * perCent);
 
  //
  // ------------ Generate & Add Material Properties Table ------------
  //
 
  std::vector<G4double> energy = {
    2.00 * eV, 2.03 * eV, 2.06 * eV, 2.09 * eV, 2.12 * eV, 2.15 * eV, 2.18 * eV,
    2.21 * eV, 2.24 * eV, 2.27 * eV, 2.30 * eV, 2.33 * eV, 2.36 * eV, 2.39 * eV,
    2.42 * eV, 2.45 * eV, 2.48 * eV, 2.51 * eV, 2.54 * eV, 2.57 * eV, 2.60 * eV,
    2.63 * eV, 2.66 * eV, 2.69 * eV, 2.72 * eV, 2.75 * eV, 2.78 * eV, 2.81 * eV,
    2.84 * eV, 2.87 * eV, 2.90 * eV, 2.93 * eV, 2.96 * eV, 2.99 * eV, 3.02 * eV,
    3.05 * eV, 3.08 * eV, 3.11 * eV, 3.14 * eV, 3.17 * eV, 3.20 * eV, 3.23 * eV,
    3.26 * eV, 3.29 * eV, 3.32 * eV, 3.35 * eV, 3.38 * eV, 3.41 * eV, 3.44 * eV,
    3.47 * eV
  };
 
  std::vector<G4double> energySmall = { 2.0 * eV, 3.47 * eV };
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Air
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndex = { 1.0, 1.0 };
 
  auto mpt = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mpt->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndex);
 
  fAir->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mpt);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  //  PMMA for WLSfibers
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexWLSfiber = { 1.60, 1.60 };
 
  std::vector<G4double> absWLSfiber = {
    5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
    5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
    5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
    5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m, 5.40 * m,
    5.40 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m, 1.10 * m,
    1.10 * m, 1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,
    1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,  1. * mm,
    1. * mm
  };
 
  std::vector<G4double> emissionFib = {
    0.05, 0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 1.85, 2.30, 2.75,
    3.25, 3.80, 4.50, 5.20, 6.00, 7.00, 8.50, 9.50, 11.1, 12.4,
    12.9, 13.0, 12.8, 12.3, 11.1, 11.0, 12.0, 11.0, 17.0, 16.9,
    15.0, 9.00, 2.50, 1.00, 0.05, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00,
    0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
  };
 
  // Add entries into properties table
  auto mptWLSfiber = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexWLSfiber);
  mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSABSLENGTH", energy, absWLSfiber);
  mptWLSfiber->AddProperty("WLSCOMPONENT", energy, emissionFib);
  mptWLSfiber->AddConstProperty("WLSTIMECONSTANT", 0.5 * ns);
 
  fPMMA->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptWLSfiber);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  //  Polyethylene
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad1 = { 1.49, 1.49 };
 
  std::vector<G4double> absClad = { 20.0 * m, 20.0 * m };
 
  // Add entries into properties table
  auto mptClad1 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mptClad1->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad1);
  mptClad1->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
 
  fPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad1);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Fluorinated Polyethylene
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexClad2 = { 1.42, 1.42 };
 
  // Add entries into properties table
  auto mptClad2 = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mptClad2->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexClad2);
  mptClad2->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
 
  fFPethylene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptClad2);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  // Silicone
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexSilicone = { 1.46, 1.46 };
 
  // Add entries into properties table
  auto mptSilicone = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mptSilicone->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexSilicone);
  mptSilicone->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absClad);
 
  fSilicone->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptSilicone);
 
  //--------------------------------------------------
  //  Polystyrene
  //--------------------------------------------------
 
  std::vector<G4double> refractiveIndexPS = { 1.50, 1.50 };
 
  std::vector<G4double> absPS = { 2. * cm, 2. * cm };
 
  std::vector<G4double> scintilFast = {
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
    0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
    1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0
  };
 
  // Add entries into properties table
  auto mptPolystyrene = new G4MaterialPropertiesTable();
  mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("RINDEX", energySmall, refractiveIndexPS);
  mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("ABSLENGTH", energySmall, absPS);
  mptPolystyrene->AddProperty("SCINTILLATIONCOMPONENT1", energy, scintilFast);
  mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONYIELD", 10. / keV);
  mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("RESOLUTIONSCALE", 1.0);
  mptPolystyrene->AddConstProperty("SCINTILLATIONTIMECONSTANT1", 10. * ns);
 
  fPolystyrene->SetMaterialPropertiesTable(mptPolystyrene);
 
  // Set the Birks Constant for the Polystyrene scintillator
  fPolystyrene->GetIonisation()->SetBirksConstant(0.126 * mm / MeV);
}