Geant4-DNA physics processes and models

The Geant4-DNA physics processes and models are adapted for track structure simulations in liquid water and other materials down to the eV scale.

Water radiolysis can also be simulated with Geant4-DNA using specific physico-chemical and chemical processes.

They are all described on a dedicated web site: http://geant4-dna.org, which includes a full list of publications.

Please also consult the Book For Application Developers, Tracking and Physics section.

Any report or published results obtained using the Geant4-DNA software shall cite the following reference publications:

  • The Geant4-DNA project, S. Incerti et al., Int. J. Model. Simul. Sci. Comput. 1 (2010) 157–178 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793962310000122

  • Comparison of |Geant4| very low energy cross section models with experimental data in water, S. Incerti et al., Med. Phys. 37 (2010) 4692-4708 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3476457

  • Track structure modeling in liquid water: A review of the Geant4-DNA very low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, M. A. Bernal et al., Phys. Med. 31 (2015) 861-874 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.10.087

  • Geant4-DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: a report from the Geant4-DNA Project, S. Incerti et al., Med. Phys. 45 (2018) e722-e739 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.13048

  • Review of chemical models and applications in Geant4-DNA: Report from the ESA BioRad III Project, H. N. Tran et al., Med. Phys. 51 (2024) 5873–5889 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.17256