Electromagnetic Interactions

Contents:

• Electromagnetic Physics in Geant4
  • Introduction
  • EM physics sub-packages
    • Bibliography
  • Low Energy Livermore Model
    • Bibliography
  • Penelope Models
  • Generic Calculation of Total Cross Sections
    • Bibliography
• Gamma incident
  • Introduction to Gamma Processes
    • General Interfaces
  • Elastic Scattering
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
    • JAEA Elastic Scattering Model
  • PhotoElectric Effect
    • Cross Section
    • Final State
    • Relaxation
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
  • Compton scattering
    • Cross Section
    • Sampling the Final State
    • Atomic shell effects
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
    • Monash University Low Energy Model
  • Gamma Conversion into e⁺e^- Pair
    • Cross Section
    • Final State
    • Ultra-Relativistic Model
    • Five-dimensional (5D) Bethe-Heitler gamma Conversion to e⁺e^-
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
  • Livermore Triple Gamma Conversion
    • Method
    • Azimuthal Distribution for Electron Recoil
    • Monte Carlo Simulation of the Asymptotic Expression
    • Algorithm for Non Polarized Radiation
    • Algorithm for Polarized Radiation
    • Sampling of Energy
  • Gamma Conversion into Lepton Pair
    • Cross Section and Energy Sharing
    • Parameterization of the Total Cross Section
    • Multi-differential Cross Section and Angular Variables
    • Procedure for the Generation of \(\mu ^+\mu ^-\) Pairs
    • Five-dimensional (5D) Bethe-Heitler gamma Conversion to \(\mu ^+\mu ^-\)
  • X-ray reflection
    • Activation
    • Reflectivity model
    • Surface roughness model
• Energy Loss of Charged Particles
  • Discrete Processes for Charged Particles
  • Mean Energy Loss
    • Method
    • General Interfaces
    • Step-size Limit
    • Run Time Energy Loss Computation
    • Energy Loss by Heavy Charged Particles
  • Energy Loss Fluctuations
    • Fluctuations in Thick Absorbers
    • Fluctuations in Thin Absorbers
    • Width Correction Algorithm
    • Sampling of Energy Loss
  • Correcting the Cross Section for Energy Variation
    • Bibliography
  • Conversion from Cut in Range to Energy Threshold
    • Bibliography
  • Photoabsorption Ionisation Model
    • Cross Section for Ionising Collisions
    • Energy Loss Simulation
    • Photoabsorption Cross Section at Low Energies
  • ATIMA energy-loss model
    • Continuous energy loss
    • Fluctuations of energy loss
• Elastic scattering
  • Multiple Scattering
    • Introduction
    • Definition of Terms
    • Path Length Correction
    • Angular Distribution
    • Determination of the Model Parameters
    • Step Limitation Algorithm
    • Boundary Crossing Algorithm
    • Implementation Details
  • Single Scattering
    • Coulomb Scattering
    • Implementation Details
  • Ion Scattering
    • Method
    • Implementation Details
  • Single Scattering, Screened Coulomb Potential and NIEL
    • Nucleus–Nucleus Interactions
    • Nuclear Stopping Power
    • Non-Ionizing Energy Loss due to Coulomb Scattering
    • G4IonCoulombScatteringModel
    • The Method
    • Implementation Details
  • Electron Screened Single Scattering and NIEL
    • Scattering Cross Section of Electrons on Nuclei
    • Nuclear Stopping Power of Electrons
    • Non-Ionizing Energy-Loss of Electrons
  • G4eSingleScatteringModel
    • The method
    • Implementation Details
• Atomic Relaxation
  • Atomic relaxation
    • Fluorescence
    • Auger process
    • PIXE
  • Alternative models for impact ionisation by hadrons and PIXE
    • Bibliography
• Electron and Positron Incident
  • Ionisation
    • Method
    • Continuous Energy Loss
    • Total Cross Section per Atom and Mean Free Path
    • Simulation of Delta-ray Production
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
  • Bremsstrahlung
    • Seltzer-Berger bremsstrahlung model
    • Bremsstrahlung of high-energy electrons
    • Penelope Model
    • Livermore Model
  • Positron - Electron Annihilation
    • Introduction
    • Cross Section
    • Sampling the final state
    • Sampling the Gamma Energy
    • Penelope Model for positron-electron annihilation
  • Positron Annihilation into \(\mu ^+\mu ^-\) Pair in Media
    • Total Cross Section
    • Sampling of Energies and Angles
    • Validity
  • Positron Annihilation into Hadrons in Media
    • Introduction
    • Cross Section
    • Sampling the final state
• Muon incident
  • Muon Ionisation
    • Bibliography
  • Bremsstrahlung
    • Differential Cross Section
    • Continuous Energy Loss
    • Total Cross Section
    • Sampling
  • Positron - Electron Pair Production by Muons
    • Differential Cross Section
    • Total Cross Section and Restricted Energy Loss
    • Sampling of Positron - Electron Pair Production
  • Muon Photonuclear Interaction
    • Differential Cross Section
    • Sampling
• Charged Hadron Incident
  • Hadron and Ion Ionisation
    • Method
    • Continuous Energy Loss
    • Nuclear Stopping
    • Total Cross Section per Atom
    • Simulating Delta-ray Production
    • Ion Effective Charge
  • Low energy extensions
    • Energy losses of slow negative particles
    • Energy losses of hadrons in compounds
    • Fluctuations of energy losses of hadrons
    • ICRU 73-based energy loss model
• Polarized Electron/Positron/Gamma Incident
  • Introduction
    • Stokes vector
    • Transfer matrix
    • Coordinate transformations
    • Polarized beam and material
  • Ionisation
    • Method
    • Total cross section and mean free path
    • Sampling the final state
  • Positron - Electron Annihilation
    • Method
    • Total cross section and mean free path
    • Sampling the final state
    • Annihilation at Rest
  • Polarized Compton scattering
    • Method
    • Total cross section and mean free path
    • Sampling the final state
  • Polarized Bremsstrahlung for electron and positron
    • Method
    • Polarization in gamma conversion and bremsstrahlung
    • Polarization transfer from the lepton e⁺e^- to a photon
    • Remaining polarization of the lepton after emitting a bremsstrahlung photon
  • Polarized Gamma conversion into an electron–positron pair
    • Method
    • Polarization transfer from the photon to the two leptons
  • Polarized Photoelectric Effect
    • Method
    • Polarization transfer
  • Compton Scattering by Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays - Livermore Model
    • The Cross Section
    • Angular Distribution
    • Polarization Vector
    • Unpolarized Photons
  • Pair production by Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays - Livermore Model
    • Relativistic cross section for linearly polarized gamma ray
    • Spatial azimuthal distribution
    • Unpolarized Photons
  • Pair production by Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays - Five-dimensional (5D) Bethe-Heitler Model
    • Bibliography
• X-Ray production
  • Transition radiation
    • The Relationship of Transition Radiation to X-ray Čerenkov Radiation
    • Calculating the X-ray Transition Radiation Yield
    • Simulating X-ray Transition Radiation Production
  • Scintillation
  • Čerenkov Effect
    • Bibliography
  • Synchrotron Radiation
    • Photon spectrum
    • Validity
    • Direct inversion and generation of the photon energy spectrum
    • Properties of the Power Spectra
• Optical Photons
  • Interactions of optical photons
    • Physics processes for optical photons
    • Photon polarization
    • Tracking of the photons
    • Mie Scattering in Henyey-Greenstein Approximation
• Geant4-DNA
  • Geant4-DNA physical processes and models
• Microelectronics
  • The MicroElec extension for microelectronics applications
    • Bibliography
• Shower Parameterizations
  • Gflash Shower Parameterizations
    • Parameterization Ansatz
    • Longitudinal Shower Profiles
    • Radial Shower Profiles
    • Gflash Performance